浏览次数： 时间：2017/07/27
1. 中国水运历史悠久。早在商朝就有了帆船。隋朝大运河(The Grand Canal)为南北水运带来了很大便利。明朝时期，郑和七次下西洋，在其中一次航行中，他到达了非洲东海岸。中国河流众多，海岸线长，水运条件优越。长江是最重要的内陆航运(inland shipping)通道，其主流从四川宜宾到海洋，全长超过3000公里。重庆、武汉和南京是长江沿岸的重要港口。中国港口很多，适宜海运，如上海、大连、秦皇岛、天津、青岛、宁波、厦门、广州等。这些港口的航线能通往世界上150多个国家和地区。
【参考译文】
Chinas water transport has a long history. Early in the Shang Dynasty, there were sailing boats. The Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty provided great convenience for south-north water transport. In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He sailed across seas seven times and reached the east coast of Africa during one of his voyages. China has plenty of rivers, a long coastline and advantageous water transport conditions. The Yangtze River is the most important inland shipping channel. Its mainstream, from Yibin in Sichuan Province to the sea, has a total length of over 3,000 kilometers. Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing are important ports along the river. China has favorable conditions for maritime transport with many harbors, such as Shanghai,Dalian,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Qingdao,Ningbo,Xiamen,Guangzhou and so on. There are shipping routes from these ports to over 150 countries and regions all over the world.
2. 中国矿产资源丰富，已探明的矿藏种类约有170多种，其中有些矿产只产于中国。中国石油、天然气资源非常丰富。陆上油田(onshore oilfield)分布在东北、华北、西北等地，如大庆、胜利、辽河油田等。中国的铁矿储量(iron ore reserves) 约有500亿吨，是世界上几个少有的铁矿储备丰富的国家之一。中国的有色金属(nonferrous metals)储量丰富，品种繁多，有“有色金属王国”之称。实际上，从矿产资源总量上来计算，中国是资源大国。但是因为中国人口众多，人均资源占有量不及世界平均水平的一半。
【参考译文】
China is rich in mineral resources. The types of the confirmed minerals are approximately more than170 and some types of the minerals can only be found in China. China is abundant in oil and natural gas. Onshore oilfields are distributed in Northeast, North and Northwest China etc., such as Daqing, Shengli and Liaohe oilfields. There are about 50 billion tons of iron ore reserves in China, which makes China be one of the few countries with wealthy iron ore resources. China is rich in nonferrous metals of great variety, which enjoys are put action as “the Kingdom of Nonferrous Metals”. In fact, China is a country with rich resources in terms of total ore reserves. But, because of the large population, the reserve per capita is less than half of the world average level.
3. 目前，中国年龄在18岁至30岁之间的人口数量约为2.7亿，该年龄段人群智能手机(smart phone)拥有率髙达92%,远髙于全球67%的平均水平。据统计，中国城镇居民全年人均(per capita)可支配收入(disposable income)为24565元，平均每月2047元，工作三个月才买得起一部5288元的iPhone 5。而2012年前10个月美国实际人均可支配收人为32653.1美元，平均每月3265美元，一个月就可以买16部199美元的iPhone 5。按此计算，美国在iPhone 5的消费力方面是中国的48倍，而智能手机普及率(coverage)仍被中国超过，由此可见中国人对智能手机的巨大热情。
【参考译文】
Currently, there are about 270 million people aged between 18 and 30 in China, and the owning rate of smart phone among this age group is up to 92%,farabove the global average of 67%.According to statistics, the annual per capita disposable income of Chinese urban residents is 24,565 yuan, with average monthly income per capita being 2,047yuan.That means, urban residents can afford an iPhone 5 with a price of 5,288 yuan after working for 3 months. Whereas, during the first 10 months in 2012,actual per capita disposable income in America is 32,653.1 dollars, with average monthly income per capita being 3,265dollars.That tells us, American people can afford 16 iPhones 5 by working only for one month. Calculating in this way, American peoples consumptive power of iPhone 5 is 48 times that of Chinese people. But the coverage of smart phone in America is still surpassed by China, from which Chinese peoples great enthusiasm towards smart phone is obvious.
4. 中国菜肴
中国是一个餐饮大国。中国菜肴有许多流派，其中最有影响力和代表性的是中国“八大菜系” (“Eight Cuisines" of China)。这种分类已被广为接受。一个菜系的形成和它的悠久历史和独到的烹饪特色是分不开的。当然，也会受到这个地区的自然地理、气候条件和饮食习惯等的影响。中国“八大菜系”的烹调技艺和菜肴特色各有千秋。四川菜系，是世界上最著名的中国菜系之一。四川菜系以其香辣而闻名。没有品尝过四川菜的人不离来过中国(a failure of trip to China).
【参考译文】
China is a big country of cuisines. There are many schools of Chinese cuisines, among which the most representative and influential classification is "Eight Cuisines" of China. This classification has been widely accepted. The formation of a school of cuisine is inseparable from its long history and unique culinary specialties. It’s also affected by local features of natural geography, climatic conditions and habits of diet etc. The "Eight Cuisines" of China have their own cooking techniques and flavors of dish which are different from each other. Sichuan Cuisine is one of the most famous Chinese cuisines in the world. Sichuan Cuisine is famous for its spiciness. It’ d be a failure of trip to China for people who don’t have a taste of Sichuan Cuisine.
5. 中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济 在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉 语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到 困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竟争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。
【参考译文】
Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools. With the rapid development of China’ s economy in the 21st century, both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expanding Chinese language programs already in place. By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarin in American schools. To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has made it difficult for some schools to join the competition. When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them from China directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.
6. 上海自由贸易区
上海自由贸易区(Shanghai Free Trade Zone)，简称上海自贸区， 是中国政府设立在上海的区域性自由贸易区。自贸区于2013年8月22日 获得国务院批准，并于9月29日正式挂牌。在该自贸区挂牌后的第一个工作日，前来咨询办理业务的人络绎不绝。事实上，自贸区没有挂牌前，已有一大批企业迫不及待地申请在上海自贸区辖区内注册。上海自贸区是中国主动选择的一个新的开放试点(pilot zone),目的是以开放促进改華。自贸区的设立不仅可以使贸易便利化，而且可以使加快贸易 转型和升级。
【参考译文】
Shanghai Free Trade Zone, referred to as SHFTZ, is a regional free trade zone set up by Chinese government in Shanghai. The free trade zone was approved by the State Council of China on August. 22, 2013, and officially established on September 29 of the year. On the first work day after its establishment, there were many people coming for inquiry and services. In fact, even before the establishment of SHFTZ, a large number of companies had been eagerly waiting to apply for registration in SHFTZ. Shanghai Free Trade Zone is a new pilot zone initiatively selected by Chinese government, with the purpose to promote reform through opening up. The establishment of FTZ can not only facilitate trade, but also speed up transformation and upgrading of business.
7. 瑜伽
瑜伽有春六千多年的历史，起源于印度。古代的瑜伽信徒发展了瑜伽体系，他们深信通过运动身体和调控呼吸完全可以控制心智和情感 (control one’s mind and emotions)，保持身体长久的健康。瑜伽姿势大部分来源于模仿动物的姿态，达到锻炼身心的效果。瑜伽不同于体 操和舞蹈，也不同于一般的有氧练习。只有当呼吸、意识和姿势结合成 一体(breathing，mind and posture get into one)时，才是真正的瑜伽练习。可以说，瑜伽不仅仅是一种运动方式，也是一种生活态度。
【参考译文】
Yoga is originated in India with more than 6,000 years of history. Ancient yoga practitioners developed yoga system. They firmly believed that through the movement of one’ s body and control of one’s breathing, one can completely control one’s mind and emotions, so as to keep long-term health. Most yoga postures are imitations of animal postures in order to exercise one’s physical and mental power. Yoga is unlike gymnastics, dance, or common aerobic exercise. Only at the time when one’s breathing, mind and posture get into one, one is in the condition of yoga exercise. So we can say that yoga is not just a sport, but also an attitude to life.
8. 云计算
现在大家都在讨论云计算(cloud computing)，这意味春利用互联网的远程计算的发展。这对于中小型企业来说是好消息，因为基于云计算的系统为他们提供了大重的工具，能够为其节省成本，降低维修的次 数。同许多技术创新一样，云计算的应用遇到了传统的系统和设想 (traditional system and patterns of design)的阻碍。在发达国家，大多数企业已经拥有依赖于传统硬件、软件和常规的工作方式的基础设施。而在发展中国家，政府和研究机构很希望鼓励应用价格便宜的技术。
【参考译文】
Nowadays all people are talking about cloud computing, which means the development of remote computing through Internet. This is good news for small and medium enterprises, because the system based on cloud computing can provide them with a number of tools, which helps them save cost and reduce frequencies of maintenance. Just as many technological innovations, cloud computing applications encounter obstacles caused by the traditional system and patterns of design. In developed countries, most companies already have the fundamental infrastructure which relies on traditional hardware, software and conventional ways of operation. But in developing countries, government and research institutions hope to encourage the application of cheaper technology.
